中译英：先秦文学之《楚辞》

先秦文学之楚辞
Pre-Qin literature--- The Songs of Chu 

楚辞是继诗之后的一种独具南方地域特色的新诗体。屈原是楚辞的代表作家，是浪漫主义文学的鼻祖。他的《离骚》是楚辞的代表作，故后人又称楚辞为“骚”。据现代学者研究，屈原作品有《离骚》《九章》《九歌》《天问》《招魂》等23篇，这些作品以深邃的思想、卓越的艺术手法享誉中国诗史。
The Songs of Chu represent regional characteristics of new poetry peculiar to southern China. Qu Yuan was the pivotal writer of The Songs of Chu and the originator of romantic literature. His “Li Sao” (Encountering Sorrow) is representative of Chu Ci songs: so later generations also call The Songs of Chu “Sao”. According to modern scholars, there are 23 articles in Qu Yuan’s works, including “Li Sao” “The Nine Elegies” “Nine Songs” “Asking Heaven” “Requiem” and so on. These works are famous in the history of Chinese poetry for their profound thought and excellent artistic qualities. 

屈原也是中国文学史上第一个伟大的爱国主义诗人。他出生于楚国的王族，“明于治乱、娴于辞令”，有较高的文学修养、军事素养和爱国情怀。其官至左徒，楚怀王时期于内政外交都是重要人物，后为馋人所害，一度遭到贬黜放逐。在流放过程中他不改初衷，关心国事民生，以天下为己任。顷襄王二十一年（公元前278年），秦破楚国都城，楚王客死于秦，楚亡，屈原于悲愤绝望中抱石自投于汨罗江。端午节即是后世纪念屈原的传统节日，其爱国主义情怀流芳百世。
Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in Chinese literary history. He was born into a royal family of the Chu state (Chuguo, 740-223 BC), “Good at knowing how to suppress riots and well versed in speeches,” he had high literary’ achievements. He held an officer’s rank as high as zuotu. He was an important figure both in domestic and foreign affairs in the King Huai of Chu period (329—228 BC), yet ended up being slandered by his opponents. Once he had been disgraced, he was sent into exile. Still, he wouldn’t change his mind and remained concerned about national affairs and people’s livelihoods, taking responsibility for the world. Twenty-one years into the reign of King Qingxiang (298-263 BC), Qin entered the capital of Chu. The King of Chu died in Qin and the Chu state fell into decline. Qu Yuan committed suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River in grief, indignation and in despair. The Dragon Boat Festival is the traditional festival used to commemorate Qu Yuan; his patriotic feelings left a good name forever. 

宋玉为屈原之后最杰出的楚辞作家，后世常将两人合称为“屈宋”。他是屈原诗歌艺术的直接继承者，代表作品有《高唐赋》《神女赋》《风赋》等。在他的作品中，物象的描绘趋于细腻工致，抒情与写景结合得自然贴切。宋玉的作品在楚辞与汉赋之间，起着承前启后的作用。 
After Qu Yuan. Song Yu is one of the most famous representatives of Chu poets. According to legend, he was a student of Qu Yuan. His representative works are “Custom Ode” and “Ode of Gaotang”. 

西汉文学家刘向，收录了屈原、宋玉、贾谊等人的辞赋及刘向自己的作品《九叹》，共计16篇，合成骚体类文集《楚辞》。《楚辞》是文学史上第一部浪漫主义诗歌总集，对中国古代文学具有深远的影响。
Litterateur of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang (77-6 BC), collected the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Jia Yi (200-168 BC) and others, as well as his own work “Nine Signs” in this collection called The Songs of Chu, which includes a total of 16 articles. The Songs of Chu was the first romantic poetry collection in literaryhistory and had a far-reaching influence on ancient Chinese literature.

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